"[Trip to Tanga from p. 64] Friday, February 24, 1905 [underlined, p. 66] [...] [p. 67] On this \[...] \[?] journey, various ethnographic objects came into my possession: \[p. 68] 20. Two Indian cloths. They are made of white fabric and printed with very colorful patterns in red, black, blue, yellow. One shows at the top a border of ornaments, then a row of animals, probably deer, horse riders & elephants, then men. All executed very primitively. At the bottom, in large arches, alternating plant patterns with an Indian deity unknown to me with an elephant head. (= 13 Rupie) 21. Moa mat. This originates from a local industry maintained by the natives near Moa, close to the English border. The mats are woven from *Phoenix reclinata*. The color is yellowish & black. The patterns are extraordinarily varied. Only small mats come to market. Mine is very large, and it was a coincidence to receive it, as it was originally intended for Prince Adalbert of Prussia. I obtained it through the mediation of the district office (= 10 Rupie)22\. Three wooden combs as used by native women for combing hair. They are decorated with simple carvings. Such items were not available in any shop and could only be procured through the mediation of a boy (40 Pesa each) \[p. 69] \[Drawing] Felix von Luschan. *Beiträge zur Völkerkunde der Deutsch. Schutzgebiete.* Berlin 1897. (Dietrich Reimer) p. 61–63. Plates 42, 43, 44. \[p. 69] Furthermore, on the [...] [?] I was able to acquire 3 [...] [?] pelts [?] of Colobus monkeys from Kilimanjaro. They [...] [?] from the same \[...] \[?] Moa mat. I bought each pelt for 2 Rup. 50 Pesa, [...] [?] cheaper [...] [?] 3 Rupien [...][?] money was demanded for each of these animals. – [...]" [translation]

source: Museum der Kulturen Basel, VI 56197, 44 (68)
author: Karl Braun

"22. Wooden comb / 40 pesa / Tanga 24 Feb. 1905 / Ratzel, F. Völkerkunde, vol. I, Leipzig 1887, p.447 / TB [diary]. 44, 68 / [drawing matching r 2018 / 18470 a] / [added in red lettering] 1 Rp."[translation]

source: Museen Stade, r 2018 / 18566
author: Karl Braun

In 1934, the former director of the Biological Imperial Institute for Agriculture and Forestry (Biologische Reichsanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft) Karl Braun (1870–1935) gave the so-called “Kolonialsammlung Braun” (Colonial Collection Braun) to the Hanseatic City of Stade, or rather its representative, the then mayor Hans Arthur Meyer (1884–1961). See the file „Transfer of a colonial collection from the senior government councillor Professor Dr. Karl Braun in Stade to the City of Stade” („Überlassung einer Kolonialsammlung vom Oberregierungsrat Professor Dr. Karl Braun in Stade an die Stadt Stade") at the Lower Saxony State Archives Stade (Niedersächsischen Landesarchiv Standort Stade).

source: Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv Standort Stade, Dep. 10 Nr. 03025

In 1997, the then city archivist Jürgen Bohmbach concludes a permanent loan agreement with the Museum Society Stade (Museumsverein Stade e.V.), for which the then director Gerd Mettjes signs. Thereafter, the collection from Karl Braun is transferred to the care of the Museum Society Stade (Museumsverein Stade e.V.).

source: Museen Stade, Vereinbarung Leihgabe "Brauns'sche Kolonialsammlung"

I: Okay, we have just finished this and here I have another photo with registration number 2018_18470_AC, look and tell us what is that? R: These are the combers I: Combers R: Eeeeh! I: Are those combers? R: These are the combers I: They are different can you tell us the names of each one, dependin on all those types? R: All of these are the combers I: Can you tell us how are they being called in Sambaa? R: Shanuo I: Ahaah! In Sambaa it is being called Shanuo, okay and who are the main user of the shanuo? R: The women I: How do the women use it? R: It is being used in combing the hair during hair dressing, it is being passed here and being told to hold this side because they can not be left that way I: Okay, the people of which community are commonly using the combers? R: The women I: Which communities specifically? R: Aaaah! Shanuo I: Doesn’t the comber have a specific community? R: Eeeeh! I: The women of which communities are commonly using the combers? R: The sambaa I: Why do they use these? R: You may find them are being sold very expensive at the shops I: In which regions do the combers are available? R: Even here in Amani they are available I: Are they available even here in Amani? R: Eeeeh! I: Do people make them? R: Eeeeh! I: Eeeeh! R: You will get them I: So, there is no specific place that you must travel to a certain region to get them? R: The comber you can find the plastic combers at the shops, with the same size like these you see here I: So, they are commonly being used by women? R: Eeeh! Women I: The women of which age R: These women who loves themselves I: The one who love themselves are of which age? R: The age of swallowing some saliver I: Which is the age swallowing some saliver? R: When you observe a woman who has reached the age of swallowing some saliver, she should be loving herself very much I: The age of swallowing some saliver, mean the age of looking someone with temptation, may be from eighteen hahahahaah! R: Those are the children I: The age of twenty maybe or twenty-five? R: Mhh! I: For you which is the age of swallowing some saliver? R: Aaah I: Mr. [anonymous] was so dangerous hahahah R: The age of swallowing some saliver it is between the age of twenty and above eeeh I: When she passed through there you must swallow the saliver hahahh! Things of Mr. [anonymous], it seems you were a good player? R: Much I: Mr. [anonymous] do you think it will reach a time when the combers like those will no longer be used? R: You know it depends on someone love I: Maybe, as you said due to the current changes, now days there are some plastic combers R: Eeeh! I: Do you think it will reach a time when the combers will no longer needed or used for the women? R: It is posible for the current time eeeh! I: Why do you think it is possible for the current time? R: No, I just show that this is a child and this one is for the average age and this one is for the elder I: Therefore, they were being made different on the basis to the age. R: Yes I: So, the small one is for the child? R; Eeeeh! Or [anonymous] what do you say R: I only stand on swallowing the saliver R: Hahahah I: Now, I think the head of the people differs R: Eeeeh! I: Mr. [anonymous] for a person to use the comber what else should be there when using it? R: Oil only I: Oil? R: Eeeh! Only that I: How do you use oil? R: You oil the hair and then you pick up the comber to comb it I: What is the essence of using oil before the comber? R: It is to soften the hair I: To soften the hair R: So, as the comber can move smoothly I: Mmmh! So, when a person oil the hair it makes the comber move smoothly, that means the use of the comber goes direct with the oil R: Eeeeh! I: Okay, what is the importance of using the comber? R: It depends on some of them do not use oil, they only bath then comb the hair without oiling I: So it depends on the person's hair type. R: Eeeh! I: Have you or your wife ever use the combers? R: My wife uses the comber I: Okay, you said these objects are being made here in Amani, what are these places? R: People in here are making them I: Which are the other places which you visited and found these combers are being made? R: The combers I: Eeeeh! These combers were being made In which places? R: Monga I: Monga eeeh! So, in Monga there is a place where they are being sold? R: Market I: Do you think those which are being sold, where are they from? R: You may find a piece of wood fallen and take it to the technician and inform him that please look on this, can get a comber? Then you negotiate the price I: So, it is the wood which is being used in making them? R: Eeeh! I: Okay, if you at the combers and its decoration if it being brought in the current market how much would they being sold? R: This is ten thousand I: You said that this will cost ten thousand and and it is a wood which is being used in making the combers, is there any other materials which can be used in making them? R: No its only wood I: It is a wood R: Eeeeh! I: Its materials have not been changing from those years until today. R: Eeeeh! I: Mmh! Okay, so it is only in Monga where you can get the combers? R: Eeeh I: Apart from Monga where else? R: When you go around in the streets of Amani you may find a carpenter who can make some combers

source: Amani-Stade Project / Amani Field Research 2023 / Interview No. 01
author: I: Mohamed Seif, R: Anonymous

I: Okay, I have another photo here with registration number 2018_18470_a-c, look and tell me what is it? R. It is comber I: Naam R: A comber I: What does a comber mean? R: It is being used in combing the hair I: For combing the hair. R: Eeeeh! That is how we call it; it is being used during hair dressing I: How does it be called in your local language? R: In Sambaa, we call it shanuo I: Shanuo? R: Some o four fellow are calling it fanuo I: Fanuo? R: Eeeeh! Bring my fanuo here I: In which regions does the fanuos are being produced? R: In some places of bonde (Muheza) some people make these, but in most of the times the Makonde are the one’s who make these objects I: Okay R: These are the ancient combers indeed eeeh! I: Can you tell us the use of comber? R: Shanuo I: How was it/is it being used? R: It is being used in hair dressing, without this you can not dress your hair I: It is being used in hair dressing. R: Eeeh! I: Who commonly use the combers? R: All women I: Women? R: Eeeh! I: It doesn’t have age? R: Aaaah! It doesnt have age I: Okay, do you think there would be time when the combers will no longer be used or needed? R: They will still be used, for example I can not bought a plastic comber and leave these ones, I can’t I: Why can’t you leave these one? R: I think they are better than the plastic combers I: Better than the plastic combers? R: Eeeh! They are better than the plastic combers I: Okay, to use the comber what else would need to have in councurently? R: Aaaah! These are the ancient combers indeed, they were so good because even if you had some hair dandruff, you could have been turn it and use on the small side of it, it was just like a small comber I: It was just like a small comber? R: Eeeh! It was a small comber I: So, the other large side? R: It was used in unfolding the hair eeeh! The large side was used for that purpose, and the small side of it was used in scrutching hair dandruff, eeeh! Even when you were washing the hair. I: Okay, what was the importance of the comber in your community? R: It’s main importance was to comb some hair during hair dressing eeeh! I: Doe’s the comber still being produced, particulary these disgns? R: The older designs like these are no longer produced, they only produce one sided comber I: One sided? R: Eeeeh! I: Do think why it made them produce one sided comber? R: I think those who were creative designer of these combers are no longer with us I: Who were making the comber? R: Particuraly, the Makonde were the ones who made them I: The Makonde? R: Eeeeh! Even in here, there were some of them who made it I: Were the male or female Makonde? R: The males I: Males? R: Eeeeh! I: Why were the males who made it, while the users are females? R: That was the work of the males I: Hhahhah! It was a work of the males? R: Eeeeh! I: Would you able to recognice which materials was used in making the comber? R: It was some trees like Mipingo, Mifenesi eeeh! I: Trees? R: Eeeh! I: Why Mipingo and Mifenesi? R: They were the ones who discovered it I: Are there any other materials which can be used in making the comber in the current times? R: I think there are no other materials I: So, it was only timber from those trees? Or there are other materials which can be used as well? R: Nothing I: When you take a closer look in to the designs of those comber, if they are being brought in the current market, how much they can be sold? R: You can even buy them for three thousand I: How much for the one-sided comber? R: It is two thousand or one thousand five hundred I: So, this one can be sold for three thousand? R: Eeeeh I: Okay, thank you R: Okay

source: Amani-Stade Project / Amani Field Research 2023 / Interview No. 06
author: I: Mohamed Seif, R: Anonymous